2.
  -2024
   
 ( )
 :      :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            
2.                 
 -
3.                   

4.         '   
 -
5.     ,       
6.              
2.
-
7.        
8.               
  -2024
   
 ( )
 :      :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            
:      :       
   
          ,   

  
        ,    ',  
  , 
  
 
  ,      
        - , ,      - 
          
 
,         ,     
          ,  ,    
    -               
           -- 
,          
2.
 :    
     ,  ""    ""  ""   
""  "  "  ,          
 
  ,             , , 
      ',          
        
   : 
     ,        
         
  -        ,
         
    :
  ,             
    ,              
          ,      
              
 
            
     :
     ,  ,     ,    
         -     ,    
   
       , ,   
      ,         
 :    
,          ,      
  
  ""       ""  ""  ""    " 
"  ,              
  
   , ,        ,   
        
           ,    
 
          -   -        
2.
        ,            
,    
    :
  ,        '      
          ,        , 
  ,           
   
     :
             ,     ,  
    -             

   ,    ,      '   , 
            -   
  
   
    ,           
      ,         
      
 -        
 ,       '  :
      ,      -  
   
    ,    ,      ,
       
  ,    ,   -    

   () , ,          
()  ,   ,          ,
           ,        
 
 
     :    
   
            ()
            ()  ,   - 
 -   
2.
  :
      
         
              ,   
   
              
 
 -    ,     ,     
        

 ,     ,      

         
  -   , 
          
      
;       , ,        
                    ,
           ,    
,              
  :       ,         ,
      
      , 
             
2.                 
:              
 ,       ,       
         :   ,   ,   
  -
           
   
    ,        ?  
   
    -       
,    ,   
           
     ,          
       
;    ,    ,
2.
,  -    -             
         , --,     
       
󷊆󷊇     
            ,   
            , , ,  
        (13
)    (14
)
       '            
     
     :            ,  
           '    
      ,         
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
      
 -        ,   24
      ,             
            
    ( 4  - 9 ):     ( )  
 ( )  ,        ,   
   : 
    ( 9    12  ):   ,
   ,      : 
    ( 12  -   4 ):   ,    
   : 
     (  4  -   8 ):,        
    : 
     (  8      ):,    -   
  : 
   (   -  4 ): ,  ,     
   :  
   
    -  '    -  '  
,       ;  ,        
 
 
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃      
2.
    
 ,        
     
 ?
1.    
      '   ,        
      ,          
    
2.  
      
;        
  
           ,   
        
3.      
 ,             ,
               
  
 
4.   
               ,  
 
      
,       -
   
󷇮󷇭       
                

 ,   -           
         ,        
   ,        
,     
      -           
 
          ,     
  
󼩺󼩻    
             
       -    
,      
   ,       
,         
2.
 , ,      
 , ,        
 ,       
        
    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
        ,      ,  
   - 
            , 
             
    
   ,      
  ,   ' 
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   :           
2. :         
3. :     ;       '
 
4.   : ,  ,    

 
5.  :         ,  
 
6.   :      
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
        
;       
 
     
            
      ,    
      
,          
   ,  
  '         ,  
     
 :     
,      
           ,     
 
     
      ,   
  
   
    ,     
2.
 -
3.                   

:    :         ' 
   -    ,      ,   
   ,    ,        
-  ,     ,     -  -  
   
  ,  ,     ,     
     '            , 
               
             ,  
       1916         
 ,              ,
     ,    ,     
             
 -    
          ,    
;   
 ,        
        
    ,       , 
           ' 
      
   ,      
    ,         
       
               
          ,    ,
                 
   , ,         -   
   
                  
    ,   ,        

2.
     
         
       
'  ,   ,      ,     ,  
       
        
               
        1947  ,        
      '         
         - ,     ' 
              
 
      
   ,       ,  
,           
 ,        ,      ,  
   
     
        ,       
 -            
 ,        ,      , 
    - ,   -       
       ,  ,   
   ,            
  ,            

,      '    
   '       ,       
          ,  ,    
 ,         
    
     
        
  ,      '     :
  (1961)        
  (1992)-      
2.
   (2001)-       ,     
       
      ;         
    '         
     
   ,           
        ,   
    
 ,      ,          
           ,      

                
    
,          
 -       ,   90    , 
   ,        
        
,           ?     :
              , 
       :
1.    -          , 
          
2.    -   '  ,  
           

3.    -  ,      
   ,        
,    
      
4.     -         ; 
,       

2.
       
       
 -  
        
,  ,       
       ,        
   
 ,            
    ,
           - ,      
  ,            
,  
       
4.         '   
:20
              
   , ,         ,   
,          '  ,     
    
 ,   ,         
        ,      , 
        :         

   ,   ,      
  
,     ,         
    
          
   ,     ,   ,    

 
󷊆󷊇     ?
  ,            
              (  
     )    (       )  ,
              
 
    
  :             '
  
   
  :,  , ,  ,   
   -        
   
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
1.  
18
 ,           
       (1874)      
    
     (1897)      
 
   
2.   
 (1920):        ,    
   (1928):        
 
 (1930):      
3.    
1960   ,       ,  ,  
     
1980     7    ,   
           
4.  
,       
,    
    
 MIDI (   )     ' 
   
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃    ?
    '    -   '    

   :     ,  
    
 :         
  
:       -  ' 
 
MIDI :        ,  
 
 
2.
 ,  
   '   
 ,  
  

   , 
            
 () 
        
󷇮󷇭 
 ?
1.  
   
            
  -  ,
 ,         
2.   
         ,     
   
3.    
      :    (EDM), , -
, - (    
)
4.     
      ,      ,  
     '      
󼩺󼩻        
 :, , ,  7
  : -808, -909 (-     )
:  , -   
 : ,     
 :       
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘      
  ""   ,          
       ,       
          
         -  (1968),  
 ,    EDM 
        
        
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
      '   : , ,   
,          ,     

       ,        
     
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧   
:     '    
:     ' ,    
  
  :  ,     


 
:  ( , - )   
 

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   :    
   
2.  :      ,       
3.   :,     ' 
4.  :    ,   ,   
 
5.    :   ,       ' 
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
          
 -    
     (, , )         
         
       808    ,      
       ,         
       (   ' )   ( 
  ) 
 ,  
     , 
     
      :       
2.
 -
5.     ,       
:   , ,     
   
            
             , 

       , "  ,    ,
        "    ,    
          ,         
       -    ,    

 
    :     ?
  ,       ,       -
              
()              14
     ,         8-  16-
     
    14  4   3 + 4 + 3 + 4  
    ,    , ,     
    
           , 
   ,          -
             
       
:    
,           -     
    -     , ,  
 ,        
1.    
             
,           ,    
 , 14    '   :    |    |  
 |     (       )
2.
       -
 ,  ,     
,  ,   ,        
  
,  ,          
 
 
2.   
           ,       
-     ""       ,   
     ,        
    
 ,                
   :     |     |     |        
   ,             
 
           ,  
    
       
     ,  ,    
  
 
3.    
  
         
            ,  
      ,         ,
      
 ,      14  56      
               
              

       -       
 
    '           '
  ,  ,           

    
  
 , ,   ,   ,      
               
  ,   ,   ,       ,  
2.
         ,      
  
,  ,            ,  
      ,        ,  
  
 , ,        
 ,      ,       

   ,  , ,     
       ,   ,      '  , 
    
    :   
  ,          
    ,        
        ,    ,  
     
     ,         
     ,  ,     
  ,    ,       
 '    
 :   
 ,  14      ,       -
           
 ,  
    ,          
,       
 
  ,   ,     ,   
     
  -        
 ,         ,   ,   
  ,       
6.              
2.
:        ,  10      
  
,     ,    -        
    ,               
           ,      
    - , ,       
,  
 (,  ,   )  -      - 
 -   ,    
           
  ,       
       , 
(,   )      ,     
  --  :      ,   
,             ,    ,  
         
   
󷊆󷊇    
 :
 : (       )
 :  ( ,   9    12  )
 (   ):  ()
  (  ):  ()
 ( ):    ^   '
 ( ):' ^ 
  :, ,   ,   () ,   
   , -           
 
   ,          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
  (   ) ,           ( )
           ,   '  (16 ) 
           -      
 ,           ,     
  -   
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃          
  (16 )              (
      )  ,       '  
  =
2.
  =
  = ^
  =
  =
 :   (16 ): 4 + 4 + 4 + 4  ( ) "X"    
,  ( ) "0"     
󷙢  ()
  (  ):
| ^ | ' ' | ' ' ' | ^  |
 (X)  (0)
 (  ):
| ' ' ' ^ | ' ' ' '' | ' ' ' ' | ' ^ ' ' |
              ,  
     
󷙢 1
  ,    ,            
  
| gr S r | g M^ d M^ | N d M^ g | r S - - |
     
()    ,     
  
󷙢 2
| ^ | ' ' | ' ' ' | ^  |
   
      ,   ( )  
 
󼩺󼩻        
1.     :  -   ,    ( )
   
2.    :   
 ,     
3.  1   -   :    ,   
2.
4.  2   -   : ,         
5.      :   '  ,       

󷇮󷇭   
 
 ? 
          
 
    ,      - ,  
               , 

   ' -      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
                 
, ,          :   ,   ,
   '     ,      ; 
,   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.        ,    
2.     ,     
3.       ,        
 
4.   ,  ,     
5.      
 ,    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
             ,       
  
            ,   
  
          ,  
  
          -    ,
   ,        
 ,  
         
 ,   : 

   
   
,         
     
2.
-
7.        
:     
   
           
 ,         ,       ,
   -     ,      , 
  ,   -       -    
        
;      , 
          
    ,       '     
      ,        
 
  :   
" "      : ,       
,  ,             
        
    ,       ,   , 
              
      ()        
     ,   -   -   
         ,      
      
           
,     ,
  ,            
   
      
          ,   
   
          
     :
2.
1.       
  '       ,   
           
  
   
      , ,   
      ,         
    ,         , 
         
2.       
  ,  ,            
  -            '  ,
      
     ( )  
           
    
3.       
    '   '   ,    
  '          
   ,      
 ,     '
            
 ,       
4.       
 '     
     
     '   ,    
     '        

               ,
             
   
       ,      
    ,        ,     
     '  ,      '   
     
         
   
   ()  '     
 ,     
       ,          
         ,        
        
2.
               -   
 -               
  ,             

  
             
       '  ,    '
  ,           
  ,           
           
 
    
          '   ' 
              ,  
       ,     ( ) 
       ,   
   ,
         
         ,       
            
 
 
 ,   
     ,   
   ,           
          
    
,             
  ,          ,  

,      

         -        ,
, ,     
     
        ,     
    
            
2.
 ,    ,      ,   
                 
              -   
    ,    ,           
8.               
:      ,          
      ,          
 ,
   
    ,    ,      
 ,     ,        
,         ,      
          -         -
       
       -    ,     -  
,         ,        
 ,        ,     
            
󷊆󷊇: 

     , ,       
  ,         '        
:  ,  ,  ,  
 ,           ,   
               

            
              
         
 , ""   "" 
   ,   , 
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
    ,        :
1. ():
2.
o            
    '     ,     
     - 
2.   (  ):
o             
   8-          
  
3.   ():
o       - , , ,     
       -   ,    
  
4.  :
o      ,        
       , ,     
 
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃  '   
        :
    :         ,  
  
 ;       
    :,     ,   
  ,        
:         - , ,
, 
             
      ,       
 '   
󷇮󷇭     
    
       :
   : ,        ,    
    
      :        
,           
  :, ,     -  
           -
     
󼩺󼩻   
2.
 :          
   ,           
  :        ,     
  
 :        ,    
    
  :         ,  
         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
    -    ()  ,  
 ,         () ,       
          -    ,
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
   ,    :
 :         '
     '           
 :  (  )      
    
    :       
  ,          
 
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧 
1.  
;    
2.  , ,      
3.             
4.             
5. -        
6.   ,     
 ,   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
               
,  ,       ,   
  ,   
;   ,      
2.
 ,    
   ,      
      
 ,       
     ,      
   ,  
 ,    
"                  

          ,          "